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Importance of Education of Ancillary and Khadi Industries to Enhance Individuals



Abstract:

Khadi and Village industry plays a significant role in the development of the economy. It contributes significantly to the national income and provides employment opportunities to the large number of the rural economy. Hence it seemed relevant to study the economic aspect of the Khadi. There are many variety products offered by Khadi and Village industries. Because of its variety and differentality the customers mostly are from foreign countries. But The Khadi and village industries have lot of problems. So there is a need of discussion to solve the problem. Detail discussion will help to solve the problems. And also take many more new projects and innovative products to the Khadi and village industry. And according to secondary commission, “a close relationship should be established between the industries and technical schools.” Touch of agriculture education, vocational education awareness about policies and programs among people can solve problem of Indian Economy up to some extent. So in these context Economics education must be strengthen. Key Words: Khadi industry, Ancillary industry, and their Educational Importance.

Introduction

The Khadi, village and small scale industries have a very important role in the Indian economy characterized by its vast spatial spread, unemployment and underemployment rapidly rising labour force, capital scarcity, numerous market segment and diverse demand pattern. Predominance of widely scattered numerous village settlements growing modern large industrial sector giving scope for ancillarisation and so on.

  • In an economy, like India, Characterized by abundant labour supply and the concomitant unemployment and underemployment rapidly rising labour force.
  • Another major advantage is their ability to provide employment in the off season. To a large number of people, agriculture provides only seasonal employment.
  • Khadi, Cotton and certain other villages industries provide vast scope for employment of special categories of people like women, children, old aged, physically handicapped, etc.
  • Some of these industries provide employment opportunities within the household premises and some others near place of residence.
  • A major advantage of these industries is that the capital-output and capital-labour ratios are comparatively very low. That is, the amount of capital investment required per unit of employment and the capital investment require per unit of output are comparatively very low.
Khadi and Village Industries (KVIC)

‘Khadi means any cloth woven on handlooms in India from cotton, silk or woolen yarn handspun in India or from mixture of any two or all such yarns.’ Industries Coming under the purview of village Industries are:-

  • Beekeeping;
  • Cottage Match, manufacture of fireworks and Fragrance Sticks;
  • Cottage Pottery, Cottage Soap;
  • Flaying, curing and tanning of leather industry
  • Ghani oil, handmade paper, Gur and Khandasari.
  • Manufacture and use of manure and methane gas from the cow dung and other products.
  • Lime stone, Shell and Other Lime Products.
  • Fruits and Vegetable processing, preservation and canning.
  • Collection of forest plants and fruits for medicinal purposes.
Functions Of Khadi and Village Industries (KVIC) :

The Khadi and village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory organization engaged in the task of promoting and developing khadi and village industries with a view to creating employment opportunities in the rural areas and thereby strengthening the rural economy.

  • Training of persons engaged in production of khadi and village industries;
  • Building of reserve of raw materials and implements and supplying them to persons engaged in the person in the production of KVIs at economical rate;
  • To provide for sale and marketing of khadi and products of village industries and handicrafts;
  • To encourage and promote research in the technique of productions of khadi and in the development of village industries, and to provide facilities for study of problems relating to KVIs;
  • To maintain or assist in the maintenance of institutions for the development of KVIs;
  • To undertake, assist or encourage production of khadi of development of village industries;
  • To promote and encourage co-operative efforts among manufactures of khadi and persons engage in village industries; and
  • For ensurising the genuineness of and for granting certificates to producers of or dealers in, khadi or the products of any village industry.
Recommendations of Commission

Secondary Education Commission (1952-53) given following suggestion:
  • The current secondary schools are converted into multi-purpose schools.
  • A close relationship should be established between the industries and technical schools.
  • Various types of technical and vocational courses should be there.
Ancillary Industries

Integration of small and large industries through ancillarisation is an important feature of industries development of countries like U.S.A. and Japan. In India, the government policy has been one of encouraging ancillarisation.
An ancillary unit is one having in investment in plant and machinery, whether held on ownership basis or by lease or by hire purchase, not exceeding Rs.3 crores and engaged in the manufacture of parts, components, sub-assemblies, tooling and intermediates or the rendering of services or proposing to render, provided 30 per cent or more of their total production or service as the case may be is for other units for production of other articles.
Large industries may benefit from ancillarisation in different ways. One benefit of ancillarisation is the relation of economics of scale. A large company can relieve itself from the problem of tying up of capital, managerial time, etc. the society also benefit from the economics of scale and other efficiency associated with ancillarisation.
Industrial machinery, agriculture and earth moving machinery; machine tools; industrial; scientific and mathematical instruments; locomotives and rolling stock; ships; aircraft; bicycle; boiler; steam generating plants. Commercial, Office and Household equipments; Telecommunications equipments; Electronics. Fields where there is good scope of ancillarisation.
The Extent of ancillarisation possible in different field in India is as high as 60 to 90 per cent in transportation industries; 50 to 75 per cent in communications industry and 30to50 per cent in prime movers and power based industry.

Problems Faced by Ancillary Industries:

A number of promotional measure designs to develop the VSI sector has not produce the expected results. For example, the Entrepreneurial Development program has not made significant progress except in a few states like Gujarat in widening the entrepreneurial base.

  1. Problem of Input:

    2. Inadequacy or non-availability of inputs of proper quality at responsible price is important problem facing the number of units.

  2. Financial Problems:

    3. Many small units face financial crises. Through there has been has an increase in flow of institutional credit to this sector, large part this has gone to the relatively large unit in this sector.

  3. Marketing Problems:

    4. Marketing is a major problem area for the small unit in general. Small entrepreneurs, generally, do not have resources and expertise to market their products effectively.

  4. Competition from the large unit:

    5. Productivity in the VSI sector is, by and large, not satisfactory. No much progress could be made in the up gradation.

  5. Institutional constraints:

    6. Though a number of measures have been taken by the central and state governments to assist the VSI sector, they have not come up to expectation.
    In short, as the planning commission observes, low level of technology resulting in poor productivity and inadequate returns continue to characterize the village and small industries.

Suggestion

Agricultural education:

Realizing the importance of agriculture in India, the commission recommended that all States should provide greater opportunities for agricultural education in rural schools so that more students may take to it and adopt it as a vocation. With agriculture two other allied subjects should be closely integrated- Horticulture and Animal Husbandry. If the study of agriculture is to lead to any positive results, the students must be trained not merely in the mechanics of agricultural operations but also in those subsidiary occupations.

Training:

Training for existing and potential entrepreneurs and other associated with the working of the small units are offered by Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII).

Marketing assistance :-
Marketing assistance including export promotion assistance is provided by institution such as NSIC.

  • Vocational Education :
  • To make the students economically self sufficient;
  • Economic Prosperity of the Society and Nation;
  • Educational efforts become purposeful;
  • Beneficial for the children with lower I.Q; and
  • Vocational educational bridges the gulf in the society.
Village Organization Bhavan:

Viswa Bharti University (Shantiniketan) has given the programs of village industries organization. Subjects relating to village development and village industries are there. The main aim behind it is to bring students in contact with village life, to understand their problems and extend co-operation in solving them. In this way research work is conducted in this university on village problem. In addition to the above, there are many works of minor nature relating to village welfare.

Awareness about the courses:

If this kind of organization will be organize and this kind of process will be follow by every institutions then economic education will be strengthen and localized problem can also be solved.

Conclusion

The role of these sectors in the Indian economy cannot be under-estimated. However, as the planning observes some of the important objectives set for the villages and small industries sector are yet to be fully achieved. The dispersal of small scale units far away from the metropolitan areas and large cities has not taken place to an appreciable extent.
Touch of agriculture education, vocational education awareness about policies and programs among people can solve problem of Indian Economy up to some extent. So in these context Economics education must be strengthen.

REFERENCES

  1. Aggarwal J. C. & Gupta, S. (2007). Secondary education, History, Problems and Management. New Delhi: Shipra publication.
  2. Chaube., S. (2005). Problems of Indian Education. Agra: Vinod Pustak Mandir.
  3. Cherunilam , F. (1999.) Business and Government. Mumbai: Himalaya publishing house.
  4. Text book of Economics Standard 11 and 12. Gujarat State board of school textbook, Gandhinagar.

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Payal Bhatia
Assistant professor
J. M.Ed. Course, MOGRI, ANAND
E-MAIL: payalbht@yahoo.co.in
(M) 9913561148
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