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Effect of BMI (Body Mass Index) on Physical Fitness of College Students

KEYWORDS: Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index.

INTRODUCTION:

Physical Fitness is one's richest possession; it can't be purchased but can be earned through a daily routine of physical exercise. Earlier physical fitness means the capacity of an individual to perform given physical task involving muscular efforts. But this narrow concept of Physical Fitness has undergone a change, now a new concept of "Physical Fitness" is evolved. According to AAHPERD, "Physical Fitness means that state which characterizes the degree to which the person is able to function". Ability to function depends upon the physical, mental, social and spiritual components of fitness, all of which are related to each other and also mutually inter-dependent.

Adequate level of Physical Fitness should be developed early in life and then continuously maintained through regular participation in a well-designed activity programme to promote the total well being of an individual. Children should be fit for participation in the play activities of childhood, through which they develop organic vigor, strength and other fitness qualities.

Physical Fitness is the basic need for participation in games & sports. So, it is universally accepted that success in various activities of games and sports mainly depends upon the physical fitness of its participants. The basic level of fitness has a vital role in improving any sport performance but there seems to be a lack of specific knowledge regarding effect of sports achievements of the family members on the Physical Fitness of their child.

Body mass index (BMI) can be used to screen patients because the test is simple, correlates to fatness, and applies to both men and women. The BMI may not apply to some individuals with more than normal muscle mass and acceptable levels of body fat. In some ethnic groups, such as Pacific Islanders, BMI overestimates fatness and risk.

BMI can be used with body composition to assess fat free mass:

  1. Fat free mass is low if BMI is low and body fat is high (if =< BMI & >BF, then < FFM)
  2. Fat free mass is high if BMI is high and body fat is low (if =>BMI & < BF, then >FFM)
It has been a matter of great concern for the sports teacher and coaches to assess the Physical Fitness and BMI of their wards. In order to accomplish this, Scholar has studied “Effect of BMI (Body Mass Index) on physical fitness of college going female students”.

Significance of the study:

Even though increasing recognition to Physical Fitness for health and efficiency is forth coming all over the world, still a lot of promotional and educative efforts are called for to bring about desirable attitudes especially in the youth, college going students towards physical activities and sports to develop Physical Fitness.

If we view in the field of physical education and sports, Physical Fitness and BMI play a major role. The sportsman, who doesn't have optimum level of Physical Fitness and normal level of BMI, can not face the competition successfully. Some parameters such as family support, financial, moral, education and sports background of the family could also assist in the overall fitness as well as performance of their child. Inter-personal relationship with residential status, mode of stay and involvement of family members may lead to lack of support to participate in sports practice. The desired goals can be achieved better in sports performance, if the members of the family are also involved in sports and games participation. In absence of it, sports person as well as the society will suffer a greater lose.

Physical Fitness is the basic need for participation in games & sports. The basic level of Physical Fitness and BMI has a vital role in improving any sport performance but there seems to be a lack of specific knowledge regarding “Effect of BMI (Body Mass Index) on physical fitness of college going female students”. So, the study intends to identify the effect of BMI on physical fitness.

Purpose of the study:

The purpose of the present study was to find out the “Effect of BMI (Body Mass Index) on physical fitness of college going female students”.

METHODOLOGY:

Subject:

Sixty eight female college students were randomly selected from Adivasi Arts & Commerce College, Bhiloda, affiliated with Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University-Patan.

The average age of the subjects were twenty years, ranging from 19-23 years.

Variables:

The research scholar reviewed the available scientific literature pertain to the Physical Fitness and BMI from the books, journals, periodicals, magazines and research papers and listed down the important Physical Fitness components, height and weight for BMI.

The experts in the field of Physical Education and Sports were consulted and detailed discussions were held related to the Physical Fitness and BMI. On the bases of review of related literature, expert’s opinions and research scholar’s own understanding of Physical Fitness and BMI, the following variables were selected for the purpose of this study.

AAHPERED Youth Fitness Test components like; Flexed leg Sit-ups to measure abdominal strength and endurance, Flexed-arms hang to measure arm and shoulder strength, Shuttle run to measure speed and agility, 50 yards dash to measure speed, Standing broad jump to measure the explosive power of the legs and Height & weight to measure BMI were taken.

The data were analyzed by the using of SPSS (11.5) programme and find out the mean, standard deviation and correlation (r) of following variables:

Statistical Analysis:

The data obtained by AAHPERD Youth Fitness test and BMI score were analyzed with the help of statistical software (SPSS 11.5 version). The mean, standard deviation along with Pearson’s product moment correlation (r) have been applied to check the relationship between Physical Fitness components and BMI of college going female students.

As per statistic study, correlations were done. Where the calculated value of ‘r’ was found and compared with tabulated ‘f’ value. The level of significance was kept at 0.01 and 0.05

TABLE : - 1
Descriptive Statistics: Mean and standard deviation of the variables


TABLE : - 2
Correlations among height, weight, BMI and physical fitness components

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

GRAPH


FINDINGS :

As per table-1 and table-2, following findings has been drowning:

  1. Correlation coefficient of height and weight: Calculated ‘r’ value is .293 and it is significant at the 0.05 level.
  2. Correlation coefficient of height and BMI: Calculated ‘r’ value is -.314 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  3. Correlation coefficient of weight and BMI: Calculated ‘r’ value is .813 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  4. Correlation coefficient of flexed-leg sit-ups and shuttle run: Calculated ‘r’ value is -0.356 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  5. Correlation coefficient of flexed-leg sit-ups and 50 yard dash: Calculated ‘r’ value is -0.324 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  6. Correlation coefficient of flexed-leg sit-ups and standing broad jump: Calculated ‘r’ value is 0.291 and it is significant at the 0.05 level.
  7. Correlation coefficient of flexed-arm hang and 50 yard dash: Calculated ‘r’ value is 0.302 and it is significant at the 0.05 level.
  8. Correlation coefficient of flexed-arm hang and standing broad jump: Calculated ‘r’ value is 0.342 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  9. Correlation coefficient of shuttle run and 50 yard dash: Calculated ‘r’ value is 0.404 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  10. Correlation coefficient of shuttle run and standing broad jump: Calculated ‘r’ value is -0.480 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
  11. Correlation coefficient of 50 yard dash and standing broad jump: Calculated ‘r’ value is -0.450 and it is significant at the 0.01 level.
CONCLUSIONS:

With in the frame-work of the present investigation, the following conclusions may be drawn.
  1. There is no significant coefficient of correlation found between BMI and Physical Fitness components of college going female students.
  2. There is positive significant coefficient of correlation found between BMI and weight of college going female students.
  3. There is negative correlation found between BMI and height of college going female students.
  4. There is no significant correlation found between height and Physical Fitness components of college going female students.
  5. There is no significant correlation found between weight and Physical Fitness components of college going female students.

References:-::

  1. Barrow Harold M. and McGee Rose Mary, “A Practical Approach to Measurement in Physical Education,”2nd ed. (Philadelphia: Lea and Febigal, (1979).
  2. Bucher Charles A. and Read Evelyn M., “Physical Education and Health in Elementary School”, (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1964).
  3. Clark Harrison H. and Clarke David H., “Application of measurement to Physical Education”. (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice Hall Inc., 1987).
  4. Dominick A. Taddonio, “A Comparison of Physical Fitness of Public School Students from Economically Deprived Areas with Nation Norms, Dissertation Abstracts International 43:6 (December 1982).
  5. Donald K. Mathews, Measurement in physical Education, 5th ed., W.B.Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1978.
  6. Hardin, Susan Elisabeth Lisa, Ed. D. University of Arkansas, 1991. 126pp. Adviser; Joyce Graening Order Number DA 9204711 Dissertation Abstracts International Vol.52 :9 (March 1992).
  7. Jecobs and Starns, Satygrah Sidhantalankar - Human Sociology - Lakhanpal, (1978).
  8. Jordan Patricia J, “The Relationship between Physical Fitness Scores Of Sixth-Grade Children and Parental Attitude toward Physical Activity,” Dissertation Abstracts International 58 (February 1998).
  9. John Lee Stock Hill “A study of junior high school boys Physical Fitness Scores related to the families, Socio-economic Status, Size and type of occupation” Completed Research in Health Physical Education and Recreation 7 (1965).
  10. Nieman David C. & P. H. Facsm, “Fitness and Sports Medicine: A Health Related Approach, 3rd Edition (California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1986).
  11. Sarkar L.N. and Nityanand Karmakar, “A comparative study of selected physical, physiological, Anthropometrics and Psychological Variables between caesarean and naturally born students”, SPARTHA-National Resource & Documentation Centre:01, (December, 2004).
  12. Uppal A. K., Physical Fitness: How to Develop (Delhi: Friends Publications, 1992).
  13. Verma J.P., A text book on Sports Statistic, Venus Publication, Gwalior, 2000.
  14. Williams J.C.P., Sports Medicine (London: Award Arnold)

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Dr.Ramesh A. Faldu
Director of Physical Education
Adivasi Arts & Commerce College, Bhiloda
H.N.G.University, PATAN

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